It goes without saying that water is life, so when we are looking for extraterrestrial life or a habitable planet around a star, we are looking for an area that is neither too hot nor too cold. University of Michigan Professor Edwin Bergen Astrophysical Journal LettersHis article was published in
As you know, two-thirds of the Earth is covered with water, but surprisingly our planet is considered particularly dry, because only 0.1 percent of its mass is water. In addition, there is almost no carbon, it is only 0.024 percent of the crust. It is a wonder that there is life at all. Bottom line: As in the case of water, the area determined by the state of matter can be plotted in the case of coal, and the habitability of the world depends to a large extent on this.
Each star system consists of a mass of matter called a protoplanetary disk. Material is present in different amounts in this disk depending on our distance from the star, and the freezing point of each material is a determining factor in this.
This is because, in the solid state, matter tends to stick together and form balls the size of a celestial body. Thus, in the region where the compound is a liquid or a gas, there are fewer of them. And the opposite is that outside of the habitable zone, there’s a lot of water in the frozen zone—the water we pour in on Earth mostly came from here, much later.
Carbon has a similar limit, a region closer to the star at about 227°C, where solid organic molecules break down into methane or carbon dioxide.
The unique feature of the disc line is that any vapor that escapes remains in a gaseous state and does not refreeze as we would expect in a frost zone.
says the author.
Outbound planets are richer in carbon, but the line itself moves outward over time as the star system and planets form. In the case of the Earth, it can be seen that it accumulated its carbon reserves early on and then gradually lost it.
Carbon world
From the discovery of exoplanets, we know that our solar system is out of line in some ways: Mercury-type planets orbiting closer to the star are more common elsewhere, and gas giant planets orbiting closer than we can observe. There are no carbon-rich planets in the solar system that orbit between the soot line and the ice line. But even further away is Saturn’s moon Titan, which is shrouded in liquid methane and has a distinctive yellowish hydrocarbon haze in its atmosphere. This atmosphere of hydrocarbon haze has already been detected by the James Webb Space Telescope’s spectrometer.
There is a lot of carbon necessary for life on the surface of WASP 12-b. And 55 Kangri, compared to Earth’s 0.024 percent, is made up of a third of carbon, which is basically a carbon planet.
Bergin noted that it is important to analyze the composition of a star system and the habitability of planets along several dimensions rather than one.
