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Example game boards for (a) Tchoukaillon (a solitaire-type protractor) and its direct quantitative counterpart, ManQala in (b). Here, both panels are shown with N = 3 stones and M = 3 grid locations, and seeding is represented by arrows (which become unit factors of protractor location). Sequential standard procedures1 And you2 The figure shows the deterministic quantum analog of the first two motions of a chokelon, through permutations between location and population. Chokaylon’s final move does not have a uniform hyperbolic application in the quantum version of the game. Therefore, Yu3 It leads to the situation where the probability of observing the winning board is greater. Through observation (projective analogy) we arrive at the target state, | 3,0,0⟩ with probability 4/9, and another case that is deterministic action away from the target case, | 0,3,0⟩ is available with a probability of 2/9 (6/9 in total). There is a 3/9 chance that the table will revert to the previous configuration of U3which | 1,2,0⟩ and the last step is repeated until it succeeds. credit: AVS Quantum Science (2023). doi: 10.1116/5.0148240
Protractor game It may have originated as early as 6000 BC in Jordan It is still played around the world to this day. It consists of stones that players move between small holes on a wooden game board. The object of the game is to get all the stones into the last hole at the end of the board.
In a new study published in AVS Quantum ScienceTulane University researchers have applied a modified solitaire version of the protractor, which they’ve named ManQala, to quantum state engineering, the branch of quantum physics that deals with putting quantum systems into specific states.
The central problem that quantum state engineering is trying to solve, said Ryan Glaser, assistant professor of physics in the College of Science and Technology, is, “What do I need to do to get my quantum system to the desired state?” Essentially, researchers have to figure out how particles stay in certain places or have certain energies in order to study them and use quantum computers.
This is more difficult with quantum particles than with stones on a protractor plate, for example. “Quantum things tend to be very sensitive and difficult to control,” Glaser said. The system can quickly collapse and you may lose any quantitative advantage you have or want.
Quantum physicists already have some ways to solve these problems, but simulations conducted by the study’s researchers showed that ManQala is more efficient on even simpler systems. “We’re already seeing benefits, even in these simplified two- and three-hole systems,” Glaser said.
According to Glaser, the study is one of many in the field of quantum gaming that “effectively takes regular games like Sudoku, checkers, or tic-tac-toe and applies the rules of quantum physics to them and sees interesting things that can happen.” When dealing with quantum particles rather than physical stones, there is a possibility that the particles can interfere with each other when they are in adjacent “pits”. This means that more moves are available, and at least for Mancala, “you can win the game with quantitative rules where you wouldn’t be able to if you were using classical rules,” Glaser said.
Although this study focused on simulations, Glaser is optimistic about future applications of the protractor. “It’s in the theoretical realm right now, but I think it’s definitely feasible experimentally,” Glaser said. He hopes to apply ManQala to an IBM Quantum cloud computer that he previously used for research with Thomas Searles, a researcher at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and Brian Kirby, an assistant professor of physics at Tulane University.
more information:
Onur Danaci et al. ManQala: Game-inspired strategies for quantum state design. AVS Quantum Science (2023). doi: 10.1116/5.0148240
