Octopuses are perhaps most similar to Hapci Benő, the paint sneeze of Pom Poms, their huge noses and eerily small eyes reminiscent of the fairy-tale character, with the difference that cephalopods turn out to be among the smartest in the living world. The latest proof of their intelligence is that they can cooperate with other animals in an organized manner when it comes to hunting. But it also indicates the awareness that they are angry with each other and if they see that well, They throw it away each other. This was observed in underwater recordings from 2015-2016. Then they grabbed mainly female octopuses, throwing shells, mud and debris at each other.
The news came at the beginning of the year new Species of octopus discovered in the deep sea near Costa Rica. One of them is a new species of Muusoctopus called Dorado Octopus. It has been observed that it lays its eggs near hydrothermal vents, near hot springs.
We have only known about these hydrothermal vents since 1977, when the first one was discovered at a depth of 2,500 meters off the coast of South America. Their particular situation, their living world, is completely foreign to any earthly organization hitherto known.
Typically, they are found deep within the ocean's mid-plate boundaries, where a lot of minerals are melted by hot magma. By examining the peculiarities of the regions, the researchers created a hypothesis that when life appeared on the early young Earth, these horns could have provided the elements and energy needed for ancient primitive organisms. This wealth of material is still attractive to some octopus species today.
Octopuses are known to be among the smartest animals, and 3 years ago researchers also noticed that they are able to cooperate even with other species if the goal is to obtain prey. Proof of their intelligence is that they are curious, have preferences, and can remember. But there has also been a study on the fact that they dream, because the color and texture of their skin changes during sleep.
Selfless cooperation
It has been observed that octopuses that live on coral reefs are able to hunt in a complex and harmonious manner with coral perches. The fish tells the octopuses if the prey is out of reach, so the octopus catches it with its long arms, and then they share it brotherly. The pinnacle of intelligence, as it were
The chick sends the signal, the octopus recognizes it, decodes it, acts and shares it.
Now it must be proven that the above case is not a rare exception, as new recordings of the collaborator have been found Polypson. In the videos, we can see how different species perform specific roles in order to achieve maximum success in joint hunting expeditions.
Researcher Eduardo Sampaio of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Ethology, co-author of the new octopus study, said there are clear indications that this is direct cooperation with fish. This is evidence that the joint action seen a few years ago was not a mere coincidence between octopuses and fish.
Sampaio and his colleagues used multiple simultaneous cameras and collected 120 hours of footage in the Red Sea. They captured 13 group hunts in which a large blue octopus (Octopus cyanea) worked with different species of fish to find and collect small fish and molluscs. All recordings showed complex group dynamics, with different species playing different roles in the story.
For example, goatfish (Parupeneus spp.) can encourage other fish species to move, and octopuses can force them to stop in a specific place. It is as if the goatfish presented the octopus with several hunting opportunities, and this could decide which one to choose.
Octopuses also seem to adapt and react to different situations. In some groups, certain species of fish, especially red-banded cod, approached the hunting party, but did not help in finding or catching prey. They acted like simple parasites, and of course they didn't like octopuses, so they tried to teach them to be sullen. They strike these unethical profiteers with their claws, which may be punishment or chase.
It's also worth studying whether octopuses can recognize fish that have behaved in such a brave way in the past, Sampaio says.
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