Scientists who received the Nobel Prize in Physics have conducted experiments of great importance, precisely because of the unique role of quantum physics, the results of which are fundamental in the development of quantum informatics and quantum secrecy, physicist Mt Csand, a university professor in the Department of Atomic Physics at the Faculty of Natural Sciences at ELTE for MTI.
October 4, 2022 at 11:50 pm
Csand Mountain – YouTube
Scientists who received the Nobel Prize in Physics have conducted experiments of great importance, precisely because of the unique role of quantum physics, the results of which form the basis for the development of quantum informatics and quantum secrecy – physicist Mt Csand, University Professor at the Department of Atomic Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences at ELTE MTI reported that France’s Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian physicist Anton Zeilinger will receive this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics for their research in quantum physics.
“At the beginning of the twentieth century, a lot of light was shed on phenomena that could not be explained in the language of physics at the time. For these phenomena to be explainable, something new had to be introduced, something extra, and this was the quantum world,” Mount Chessand explained about Principles In other words, adding that among quantum mechanics, physics has become a branch that seems to contain elements different from our everyday experiences, such as the principle of superposition (according to what a particle can be in a mixture of several states) or fundamentals (which Nobel physicists Degas concerned ).
Alain Aspect – polytechnique.edu
When the quantum world was discovered, one of the first observations was that the results of experiments contained some non-deterministic random elements. For example, in the so-called double entanglement experiment, they examined where a photon passing through the wire was trapped, and saw that the location of the trap was random in each photon state. “Although the distribution of entanglements is known, we cannot provide a single concrete explanation for individual particles,” said Mt Csand. “This randomness has become the fundamental philosophical question of quantum physics, which of course annoys physicists who contemplate such philosophical questions.” He added that this is what they were looking for an answer to.. the Nobel laureates as well.
John F. Closer – therecord.com
In the past decades, researchers have proposed several explanations for the strangeness of quantum physics. One of them was that such a random, indeterministic element must exist in nature. According to another possibility, there is a hidden variable, a property of the particles that scientists have not yet known, and this determines, for example, where the photons fall. The third option is superdeterminism, according to which what will happen to the particles is predetermined.
Anton Zeilinger – iqoqi-vienna.at
Regarding the possibility of hidden variables, physicist John S. Bell basic calculations and prepare a few relative inequalities of random local variables. The basis of this line of reasoning is “combination,” which appears when two particles arise from a common cause, and one of their properties (such as momentum, slope) is mathematically related (such as opposite). In this case, the mass obtained from one particle can also provide information about the state of the other – even if it is completely different – the particle. In such cases, physicists have examined Bell’s inequality with respect to the correlations between their observed properties.
As a result of his experiments conducted since 1970, it was found that Bell’s inequalities are true, that is, if there is a hidden variable, then it cannot be of a local nature, that is, it must be characterized by an effect that propagates faster than light. “Scientists don’t like this at all: we can go into the past with an effect that travels faster than the speed of light, and it’s not impossible,” Mt Csand noted.
“Currently, we believe that fundamentalism cannot create faster-than-light transmission of information, so hidden variables are not really a good explanation for the emergence of quantum phenomena,” said the Hungarian researcher.
Regarding the third possibility, Anton Zeilinger’s research group has examined photons from distant quasars in a series of experiments. He examined the photons of a quasar 7.8 billion light-years from Earth, as well as the nature of the photon particles emitted by it. As a result of his research, the minimum duration of the correlations generated by superdeterminism can be extended to 7.8 billion years. “This means that if the place where the photon will be trapped is determined in advance, that determination should go back at least that long. This is a very strange concept, in fact it roughly means that there are correlations present on the continuum, as if it were an arbitrary result”, said researcher at ELTE.
Mt Csand added: “We are now at the point where we have three very strange concepts, but we don’t really like any of them, we consider the most random of them to be the most plausible.
“In the course of their work, famous scientists have already examined the fundamental question of science, whether the world is deterministic or not, and with their increasingly advanced experiments they have filled more and more gaps that would have given way to unexpected possibilities,” he noted, adding: conducted by Alan Aspect And his colleagues conducted important research in the exclusion of these possibilities and the accuracy of their accidental role.
As pointed out by Mt Csand, quantum physics operates independently of the basic questions mentioned above. This means we can design and upgrade devices based on that, such as fluid-based computers and data controllers, or even medical equipment.
The research conducted by this year’s award winners is of fundamental importance in the understanding and development of quantum informatics, as well as in quantum secrecy.
MTI
