According to the generally accepted model of stellar evolution, stars with a mass similar to the Sun, having exhausted their hydrogen fuel base, turn into a red giant at dusk and undergo a significant increase in size. This major change will inevitably reach our central life-giving star, the Sun. Due to the increase in size, the sun’s hot atmosphere may swallow up the Earth, but life will disappear from the blue planet long before that.
The solar atmosphere will begin to push relentlessly on Earth
Our central star, the Sun, is a star in the G2V spectrum and is currently in its middle age of ten billion years. Most of its substance, 73.5%, is hydrogen,
Which turns into helium during thermonuclear fusion in the core of the Sun.
The main chain state means that the Sun is currently in stable equilibrium due to hydrogen fusion taking place inside.
However, this state of affairs will not last forever: as the amount of hydrogen decreases, the billion-dollar balance of gas pressure and gravity will disintegrate in the distant future, the pressure will decrease, and the Sun will begin to shrink. But due to gravitational contraction, the pressure and temperature in the core begin to increase again, causing the nuclear fusion of helium to begin. (During fusion, helium turns into carbon.)
The energy released, which heats the core to about 100 billion degrees, also increases pressure and swells the Sun: this is how the state of the red giant develops in the distant future. When the red giant becomes swollen, the surface of the Sun will increase significantly, so the thermonuclear energy produced in the nucleus will be dissipated on a much larger surface, which means that the surface temperature of the Sun will be lower than the current 5780 degrees Kelvin, so its light will be reddening.
When red becomes giant, the sun will emerge from the main branch of star evolution. After all the thermonuclear fuel has been burned, internal fusion stops, the jet pressure stops, and the remaining matter from the Sun stops due to gravitational collapse.
It will shrink into a super-dense white dwarf roughly the size of Earth,
Ending his long life.
But what will happen to the Earth, what will happen to our home planet after the sun begins to turn into a red giant?
It seems certain that the sun will destroy the earth
There are several typical calculations for the magnitude of the Sun’s swell. According to simpler estimates, the solar atmosphere will extend all the way to the current orbit of Mars, that is, it will absorb the Earth. However, the situation is not as simple as it seems.
When the Sun reaches its red giant state in about 7 billion years, the solar wind, that is, the continuous flow of matter from the Sun, will experience a significant loss of mass by then. When the size of the Sun begins to increase, the intensity of the flow of matter also becomes stronger.
However, due to the strong solar wind, the planets lose their orbital stability,
And these celestial bodies, including the Earth, began to rotate away from the sunrise.
So in the case of Earth relatively close to the Sun, the question is whether the rate of inflation or deflation would be faster, i.e. Can Earth avoid “devouring” the Sun?
Two astrophysicists, K. Schröder from the University of Sussex (UK) and R. Smith from the Universidad de Guanajuato (Mexico), made a comprehensive model calculation of the final stages of the Sun’s life. According to their calculations, when the Sun reaches the state of a red giant in 7.56 billion years, it will lose about 67 percent of its current mass, while its size will increase 256 times from what it is now.
Calculations show that the first phase of inflation occurs surprisingly quickly, within barely five million years, at which point the Sun absorbs the nearest orbiting inner planet, Mercury. by way of representation; Mercury has a minimum distance of 46 million km from the Sun and a maximum distance of about 70 million km.
Over the next 130 million years, the Sun will continue to expand,
For which Venus becomes its second victim.
According to the bulge model, the Sun’s expansion will be faster than the rate at which the Earth is moving away, so our home planet can’t escape its fate either.
The bleak and extinct planet will be forever engulfed by the sun
Although the destruction of the Earth is expected to be more than 7 billion years from now, the blue planet will soon become a hot, desolate and lifeless land.
The Earth is currently orbiting its parent star in the best place in the Sun’s habitable zone, in the middle of the region. (The habitable zone defines the area around a star where environmental conditions, temperature, and atmospheric pressure are likely to be suitable for the formation and survival of life and the persistence of water in a permanent liquid state.)
Calculations show that the Sun will reach its highest surface temperature long before red becomes a giant in its main chain. Schroeder and Smith came to the conclusion that in a billion years, the surface temperature of the Sun will rise to 5,820 degrees Kelvin. At first glance, this doesn’t seem like much, as it is “only” 50K higher than its current value, but it does mean that the Sun’s energy emissions would be about 26% higher than current energy emissions. Great rise in temperature on Earth.
The seas of the world and all the surface waters evaporate,
The Earth will again be in roughly the same molten state as it was at the beginning of its formation. By the time the Sun reaches its red giant state, Earth will be 1.5 astronomical units (CSE) away, as a result of the process described above. (CSE is equal to the average distance from the Sun to Earth, which is 149.9 million km). Calculations indicate that this distance would not be enough to escape Earth’s deadly grip.
When the outer atmosphere of the enlarged Sun reaches the Earth, the outer spiral motion of the planet, which has entered the denser atmospheric gas of the star, changes direction due to the loss of momentum and turns in the direction of the Sun. This deadly internal escalating motion will lead to the doom of the Earth and the eventual destruction of our mother planet. There will be no life on Earth by this time for at least six billion years; A completely dead planet will be forever engulfed by the sun.
